As part of logging data is collected and put out or stored.
Data can be the end result of a simple cable test (electrical test) in terms of PASS or FAIL or it could cover a test step or even complex records (details of the unit under test (UUT), time, inspector, test program, test system). The processing could be a simple display at a screen, a hard copy on paper or on a label, or the storage in a database.
The format of the record as well as the span of the data can be freely configured in many test systems (depending on the model). What data finally needs to be logged is often requested by standards or the customer.
Data stored in a database can afterwards be interrogated and put out - e.g. for statistical analyzations.
Often a certification according to specific quality standards (e.g. DIN ISO 9001) dictates logging, storage and analyzation of test results.